Hoʻomaka i ka waiwai meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka fungus ʻeleʻele

Haʻuʻeleʻele(inoa ʻepekema: Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) Underw), ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pepeiao lāʻau, ka moth lāʻau, Dingyang, lāʻau ʻala, māmā lāʻau pepeiao, ka pepeiao lāʻau maikaʻi a me ke ao, he haʻi saprophytic e ulu ana ma luna o ka lāʻau popopo. . ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele he ʻano lau a kokoke i ka ululāʻau, me nā ʻaoʻao wavy, lahilahi, 2 a 6 knm ākea, ma kahi o 2 mm mānoanoa, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka substrate me kahi ʻōpala lateral pōkole a i ʻole ke kumu haiki. I ka wā mua, he palupalu a colloid, paʻa a elastic, a laila cartilaginous iki. Ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, emi ikaika a lilo i ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele a hiki i ka ʻili. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ke kua he ʻano poʻo, poni-ʻulaʻula a hiki i ka polū-hinahina, a uhi liʻiliʻi ʻia me nā lauoho pōkole.

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ʻO nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa o Northeast Asia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻĀkau ʻo Kina, ʻo ia nā wahi nui o nā holoholona hihiuʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Ma nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Australia, ʻano kakaikahi ka haʻiki ʻeleʻele a loaʻa wale ma ka hikina hema o Australia. ʻO Elderberry a me ka ʻoka he mau wahi noho maʻamau no ka haʻiki ʻeleʻele ma ʻEulopa, akā kakaikahi ka helu.

ʻO Kina ke kūlanakauhale hānau oʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Ua ʻike a hoʻomohala ka lāhui Kina i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e like me ka wā o Shennong ma mua o 4,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a hoʻomaka lākou e mahi a ʻai. Hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia ka "Book of Rites" i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻahaʻaina imperial. Wahi a ka ʻepekema ʻepekema hou, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka protein, nā huaora a me ka hao i loko o ka haʻi ʻeleʻele maloʻo. Loaʻa i kāna protein nā ʻano amino acids, ʻoi aku ka lysine a me ka leucine. ʻAʻole he meaʻai wale nō ka ʻeleʻele, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau Kina. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea kanu kumu koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina. He nui nā hopena lapaʻau e like me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka qi a me ke koko, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka māmā a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻū, a me ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke koko.

Haʻuʻeleʻeleua mahi kuʻuna ma luna o nā lāʻau. Ma hope o ka hoʻomohala kūleʻa ʻana o ka mahiʻai pani i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1980, ua lilo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ʻano mahiʻai nui no ka haʻiki ʻeleʻele.

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Haʻuʻeleʻelekaʻina mahiʻai ʻO ka mahiʻaiʻeleʻele he kaʻina hana pololei loa, i waena o nā mea nui e like me kēia:

Ke koho ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka māla pepeiao

No ke koho ʻana i ka māla pepeiao, ʻo ke kumu nui ka ventila maikaʻi a me ka lā, ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka irrigation, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu haumia. I ke kūkulu ʻana i ka māla pepeiao, he mea nui e koho i ka uea hao no ka moena moe, hiki ke mālama i nā mea maka, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ventila a me ka lawe māmā, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe wai e ka mālama ʻana i luna, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka wai ʻana a mālama i nā kumu wai. Pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea hana wai ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kahua.

Mea huikau

ʻO nā mea hoʻohui no ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e hoʻohui like i nā mea nui, ka calcium carbonate a me ka bran, a laila hoʻoponopono i ka ʻike wai ma kahi o 50%.

ʻeke ʻeke

ʻO ka mea ʻeke he mea polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me kahi kikoʻī o 14.7m × 53cm × 0.05cm. Pono ka ʻeke me ka palupalu ʻole, a i ka manawa like, e hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia ʻeke o ka moʻomeheu ma kahi o 1.5kg.

Inoculation

Ma mua o kēia hana, pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pale o ka hale moʻomeheu. A laila, e makaʻala i ka disinfecting i ka pahu inoculation. Pono e mālama ʻia ka manawa disinfection ma mua o ka hapalua hola. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka nila inoculation a me ka lima i ka lā, a laila holoi ʻia a holoi ʻia me ka waiʻona. Hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia ke kānana ma kahi o 300 mau manawa o ka carbendazim no kahi o 5 mau minuke. Ma hope o kēlā, hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka lā. Pono ka poʻe hoʻomaʻamaʻa e holoi i ko lākou mau lima me ka waiʻona, a laila hoʻomaloʻo iā lākou i loko o ka pahu inoculation.

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Hoʻoulu ʻana i nā haʻiki

I ka ulu anaʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, he mea koʻikoʻi kēia loulou. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka haʻiki ke kī i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mea nui e pili ana i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka mahana i loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūpono, pili pono i ke ola o ka mycelium. No laila, pono e mālama pono i ka mana koʻikoʻi, a pono e hoʻokō ka mahana i nā kūlana maoli. E pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ka mycelium, pono e kau ʻia nā lāʻau ʻala i loko o kahi puʻu "pololei" ma hope o ka inoculation. No ka inoculation o ekolu-puka a me eha-puka laau halo hoʻokahi, e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua kau ʻia ka ʻili i luna. Pono ka ʻili o ka inoculation ʻelua e kū i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Aia ma kahi o 7 papa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waihona. Ma ka papa luna, e hoʻolohe i ka mālama ʻana i ka malu o ka ʻaoʻao awa inoculation e pale i ka wai melemele.

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Hoʻohui ʻai meaʻai

Haʻuʻeleʻeleʻaʻole wale ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻono, akā waiwai pū kekahi i ka meaʻai. Loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o ka "ʻiʻo ma waena o nā mea ʻai meaʻai" a me "ke aliʻi o nā mea ʻai meaʻai". He lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana ia. Wahi a nā noiʻi a me nā loiloi kūpono, ʻo kēlā me kēia 100g o ka haʻiki hou he 10.6g o ka protein, 0.2g o ka momona, 65.5g o nā carbohydrates, 7g o cellulose, a me nā huaora a me nā minela he nui e like me thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, carotene, calcium, phosphorus. , a me ka hao. Ma waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hao. ʻO kēlā me kēia 100g o nā haʻiki hou he 185mg o ka hao, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 20 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka celery, nona ka hao hao kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā lau lau, a kokoke i 7 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke ake o ka puaʻa, nona ka mea hao kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā meaʻai holoholona. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka "koa hao" ma waena o nā meaʻai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka protein o ka fungus ʻeleʻele he ʻano amino acids, me ka lysine, leucine a me nā waikawa amino pono ʻē aʻe no ke kino o ke kanaka, me ka waiwai biological kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele kahi haʻiki colloid, aia ka nui o ka colloid, he hopena lubricating maikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana digestive kanaka, hiki ke hoʻopau i ke koena meaʻai a me nā mea fibrous indigestible i loko o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū, a he hopena hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea ʻē e like me nā koena lāʻau a me ka lepo one i ʻai wale ʻia. No laila, ʻo ia ke koho mua loa o ka meaʻai olakino no ka poʻe milo pulupulu a me ka poʻe e hana ana i ka eli, ka lepo, a me ka pale alanui. ʻO nā phospholipids i loko o ka haʻiʻeleʻele he mau meaʻai ia no nā pūnaewele lolo kanaka a me nā pūnaewele nerve, a he mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi ka lolo no ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā limahana noʻonoʻo.

 

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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-19-2024